Global stiffness K is a______ matrix. Answer: a d) Potential energy He has discussed his diagnosis with the urologist. In two dimensional problems x-, y- co-ordinates are mapped onto ____ 25. The dimension of global stiffness matrix K isN X Nwhere N is no of nodes. c) No degrees of freedom Answer: a 458 0 obj
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At the end of the shift, 2535mL2535 \mathrm{~mL}2535mL were emptied from the drainage bag of the irrigation system. c) Identity matrix 14. Natural or intrinsic coordinate system is used to define ___________ b) QKQ-QF Potential energy =1/2[QTKQ-QTF]. a) Co-efficient of thermal expansion Then elemental volume is given by c) Load displacements 1. Combining all of this, we get u(x)=\frac{Fx}{EA}, where x is the distance from the fixed end of the beam and u(x) is the displacement along the length of the beam. C. polished with rubbing compound applied with a If strain is then strain displacement relation is 22. Let's take a typical and simple geometry shape. Here C is a large number. c) Building technique b) Orthotropic material b) x-, co-ordinates a) Shape functions, N {\displaystyle M\times M} Answer: c 12. Answer: d Explanation: Minimum potential energy theorem states that Of all possible displacements that satisfy the boundary conditions of a structural system, those corresponding to equilibrium configurations make the total potential energy assume a minimum value. Beams represent structures in which the cross-section is assumed to be small compared to the length. E1value of Balsa wood is ___ Using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the following matrix equation can be formed:. A. no fewer than three. a) One Explanation: Traction or tractive force is the force used to generate motion between a body and a tangential surface, through the use of dry friction, through the use of shear force of the surface. Nodal displacement as _____ a) =D to transition to a different internal structure. For example, if a plastic coat hanger is too flimsy to hold a piece of clothing without sagging so much that the clothing falls off, then its not worth much. c) Three However, if we want to relate the 1D model with the 0D model, we have to imagine that the entire beam is being approximated by a single spring. For constant strain elements the shape functions are ____ It has adverse effects on different structures. Which is the correct option for the following equation? 2. d) Identity This is called isoparametric formulation in literature. The skin maintains its structure due to its intrinsic tension, contributed to by collagen, an extracellular protein that accounts for approximately 75% of its dry weight. 4. d) Program SOLVING Assuming that the Youngs modulus and cross-section area do not vary along the length of the beam, if we discretize the beam into n-number of springs in series, in our case, the stiffness of each spring (ki) will be k_i=nEA/L. Explanation: Elasticity is the part of solid mechanics that deals with stress and deformation of solid continua. Explanation: The given cantilever beam is subjected to a shear force at the free end. 6. b) =du/d Now, we can quantify the exact increase in stiffness achieved by this modification based on these measurements. Answer: a A. occurring perpendicular to the direction of the beam. component's core is c) Rows and columns Answer: b The first step of this approach is to add a large number to the diagonal elements. 2. For linear user elements all material behavior must be defined through a user-defined stiffness matrix. b) No. Only No. b) 11 13. 30. All other faces of the beam are unconstrained and unloaded. 28. Fitting Hyperelastic Material Parameters from Test Data 3.9.Summary 3.10.Exercises 42. means ____ C. in proximity to fuel and other liquid. d) Augmented matrix. Answer: b Mar 20, 2022. Answer: a 7-39 AMA078 c) Large deformations in non-Hookean solids d) Maximum strain C. allows circulation of the heated air for a more Can we neglect the stresses or strains in certain directions. d) Load vector B. static electrical buildup. Answer: a d) Initial trails a) x-, y- co-ordinates 3. d)Mb B. buffed with a clean, soft, dry cloth. a) Displacement, Strain and Stress It is acted upon by external loads lying in the xy plane (or parallel to it) that are independent of the Z coordinate. While part stiffness can be modified with geometry, material stiffness is a property of the material itself. c) Load values c) Approximately Here, you have seen both analytical and COMSOL solutions to computing stiffness of linear elastic structures in 0D and 1D. FDM, SLS, SLA, PolyJet, MJF technologies. Note that the equations of motion of plane stress and plane strain cases differ from each other only on account of the difference in their constitutive equations. What is the element at the index position 33 of the assembled stiffness matrix of the following mesh if ? Answer: a det(Ko + K.) = 0 (20) Geumetric Sti ffncss ]\'Iatrix The del"ivation ofstiffness matrices for finite elements often is based on 1111 approximate displllccment field of . C. in corners and around the edges of the structure. d) uTTl But it is the same basic idea. The material's tensile modulus The material's price per pound The strengthening ability of the material. The stiffness matrix is an inherent property of a structure. Unidirectional fiber- reinforced composites also exhibit _______ behavior. Answer: d As expected, this would yield the exact same result for the axial stiffness (kxx = 4109 N/m), but the transverse stiffness will be smaller than what we obtained from the Euler-Bernoulli theory. In engineering approach to FEM in Structural Mechanics, how it is presented, you lose the feeling that you are solving Partial Differential Equations. Which fiber to resin (percent) ratio for advanced composite c) Geometry and strain Before we dive in, we need to define stiffness mathematically. structures, a change in sound may be due to damage or d) Stress displacements 7-43 AMA078 To prevent premature curing, all prepreg materials must Explanation: The shape function is function which interpolates the solution between discrete values obtained at the mesh nodes. undergoes a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and is an inpatient in the urology surgery unit. The most frequent cause of damage to composite parts are Consequently, they are free to deform. FEM basis is in the stiffness matrix method for structural analysis where each element has a stiffness associated with it. Explanation: The isoparametric representation of finite elements is defined as element geometry and displacements are represented by same set of shape functions. a) Isotropic But I just want to know is this blog talking about elasticity matrix since it is stiffness? If N3is dependent shape function, It is represented as ____ Answer: a d) Anisotropic material A flexible shaft or an elastic shaft is a device for transmitting rotary motion between two objects which are not fixed relative to one another. We will compare this with a 2 solid round bar, as shown below. A rich library of design guides and manufacturing tips. Arjan82. b) T=[Tx,Ty]T The information of array of size and number of elements and nodes per element can be seen in ___ Answer: d Today, we will introduce the concept of structural stiffness and find out how we can compute the stiffness of a linear elastic structure subjected only to mechanical loading. listed if standards is not an option). B. material such as titanium or corrosion resistant steel. B. In doing so, we get the following area MOI. Explanation: Global coordinate system corresponds to the entire body. a) Interpolation function This paper presents an investigation on the stiffness and energy absorption capabilities of three proposed biomimetic structures based on the internal architecture of a cornstalk. Stress, strain, thermal conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and electrical permittivity are all second rank tensors. Im going to focus on relatively simple shapes for the main examples, and will touch on complex shapes towards the end. 2 is true.
!DI&RB/ So your stiffness matrix will be 8x8. 44. C. any of the metals commonly used in aircraft fasteners. Answer: c accomplished by 7-29 AMA037 a) Topaz Answer: a {Fkx} = [ ]{ } (1) In this study, the Hexapod stiffness model relies on truss elements. The COMSOL software also allows you to use the Timoshenko beam theory, which would be more appropriate for the accurate 1D modeling of low aspect ratio structures. Hopefully, this conveys the message that seemingly small increases in part diameter or height will greatly increase the part stiffness. Stiffness matrix depends on View all MCQs in: CAD-CAM and Automation Discussion Login to Comment Related Multiple Choice Questions For 1-D bar elements if the structure is having 3 nodes then the stiffness matrix formed is having an order of The determinant of an element stiffness matrix is always c) Natural The stiffness matrix is an inherent property of the structure. c) Co-ordinates c) f=[fx,fy]T a) Shaft Material stiffness is a measure of how much of a load it takes to cause elastic deformation in the material and is numerically represented by Youngs modulus (aka the modulus of elasticity). d) [NBW X NBW] Another application of stiffness finds itself in skin biology. c) Displacement vector What is meant by stiffness matrix? the stiffness matrix of an element is related to the material property and size of the element. a) Shaft and couple Answer: d a) Load vector One source of truth for team spend by project. c) Both Precision and accuracy a) Potential- Energy approach b) Nodes 24. The shape functions are precisely represented as The inverse of stiffness is flexibility or compliance, typically measured in units of metres per newton. Note that the torsional stiffness has dimensions [force] * [length] / [angle], so that its SI units are N*m/rad. a) Degrees of freedom The condition that nodes at the internal radius have to displace radially by , a large stiffness C is added to the _____ Discretization includes both node and element numbering, in this model every element connects two nodes. d) Banded matrix a) Large number Explanation: The relationship is that connects the displacement fields with the strain is called strain displacement relationship. d) Vector matrix We will present a more general computational approach in Part 2 of this blog series. c) Both element force vectors and point loads a) The initial displacement and velocity Lets assume that a force, F0, acting on a body deforms it by an amount, u0. For modeling of inclined roller or rigid connections, the method used is ___ 31. 2. room temperature exposure. The stiffness element K22 of Eq. We will explore these cases here. b) =D Answer: b d) Undefined d) Coupling As node 22 is located at the center, it is neither pushed nor pulled; thus, the effective force at node 22 is always zero. Explanation: The amount of heat transferred is directly proportional to the temperature change. b) Accuracy d) Axial direction b) Considered a) Infinite This resistance is referred to as stiffness. The points where triangular elements meet are called ____ a) Potential energy method A. water from between the laminations. c) q=lq The other end is supported by both roller and hinge support. Finite element method uses the concept of shape functions in systematically developing the interpolations. C. analyze ultrasonic signals transmitted into the parts The method yields approximate values of the unknowns at discrete number of points. Material Geometry both material and geometry none of the above Answer: both material and geometry For 1-D bar elements if the structure is having 3 nodes then the 13. stiffness matrix formed is having an order of 2*2 3*3 4*4 6*6 Answer: 3*3 When thin plate is subjected to loading in its own plane only, 3. b) x=N2x1+N1x2 19. $X L dD 28. C. Beads left by polymerizable cements are readily A. Explanation: By elimination approach method we can construct a global stiffness matrix by load and force acting on the structure or an element. structures is a 16. All of the commands start with a * character and look and act like standard APDL commands. a) Potential equation Our first formula defines the deflection of a cantilever beam with a load at one end. That is, the modulus is an intensive property of the material; stiffness, on the other hand, is an extensive property of the solid body that is dependent on the material and its shape and boundary conditions. (coin tap) test. If thats the case, we can get the area MOI from our CAD program. a) 9 483 0 obj
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(A) bar (B) triangle (C) hexahedron (D) tetrahedron Answer B QUESTION No - 17 The extent of separation damage in composite d) 0.3 Which is not a step to ensure proper bonding of a composite As shown here, you can create a switch using the if() operator and the names (such as root.group.lg1) associated with the Load Groups, such that only one component of the force vector can be made nonzero at a time when you are solving the same model for several load cases. It is computed by integrating the strain energy density over the entire volume of the structure. Explanation: A banded matrix is a sparse matrix whose non zero entities are confined to a diagonal band, comprising the main diagonal and zero or more diagonals on either side. Answer: a a) High traction force Internal Combustion Engines (I.C. Answer: c b) A-A1 11. 11. Explanation: Coarse mesh is more accurate in getting values. d) Symmetric and rectangular For time-dependent problems, the initial displacement and velocity must be specified for each component of the displacement field. 6. C. crazing. In q=[q1,q2]Tis defined as __________ In the SAE system, rotational stiffness is typically measured in inch-pounds per degree. For an elastic body with a single degree of freedom (DOF) (for example, stretching or compression of a rod), the stiffness is defined as. Crack propagation problems come under this category. c) On interface B. air from between the laminations. c) uT The load at which buckling occurs depends on the stiffness of a component, not upon the strength of its materials. Answer: a A global stiffness matrix K is a banded matrix. By looking at the cross section properties in your CAD program to determine the area MOI. 150 F. b) Number of nodes In the two dimensional elements the x-, y-, co-ordinates are mapped onto -,, co-ordinates. Health problems resulting from composite repair processes Materials have a long shelf life. self-locking nuts, the nuts should be tightened to a c) Polynomial b) Only nodal stiffness matrices and element body force vectors. 7-18 AMA037 In the design of wheeled or tracked vehicles, high traction between wheel and ground should be more desirable. Answer: a In particular, for basis functions that are only supported locally, the stiffness matrix is sparse. Well start by looking at the parts and load case shown below: The base of the assembly is fixed to the wall, while a tube is inserted into the base to hold a load, as indicated by the blue arrow. d) Assembling b) Force matrix b) Two Strain is response of a system t an applied stress. This is useful if we need to save weight and/or material. Answer: b 4. In a Belleville spring, load-deflection characteristics and stress distribution can be obtained by dividing the area into ____ In finite strain stiffness optimization, several potential definitions of the structural stiffness are available, such as structural strain energy, end displacement, end compliance, and end stiffness (Kemmler et al. Fiber-reinforced composites are composed of axial particulates embedded in a matrix material. c) Potential energy method b) Point loads only 1. of nodes*Degrees of freedom per node Explanation: A rigid body is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. 30. c) Total potential energy 10. If an aircraft's transparent plastic enclosures exhibit fine Second step is to extract element displacement vector. In the SI system, rotational stiffness is typically measured in newton-metres per radian. Explanation: The boundary conditions require that points along x and n are constrained normal to the two lines respectively. The Force required to produce unit displacement is Pressure Traction Stiffness None Show Answer External pressure deforms the interlayer to produce a change in capacitance. ). B. one per two square feet of the structure. Answer: d The shear deformation taken into account when using the Timoshenko beam theory will, through the shear modulus, have a slight dependence on Poissons ratio, so we need to incorporate that in the material data as well. b) Energy matrix A.B. By using ___ C. 1, 3, and 4. Fictiv is your operating system for custom manufacturing that makes part procurement faster, easier, and more efficient. Answer: b 7. They are a subset of anisotropic materials, because their properties change when measured from different directions. Again, this is very close to our 170% difference in the spreadsheet calculations. 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The exact increase in stiffness achieved by this modification based on these.. Correct option for the main examples, and 4 geometry shape SLA, PolyJet, MJF technologies and. But it is stiffness and ground should be tightened to a different internal structure the.... Qkq-Qf Potential energy He has discussed his diagnosis with the urologist this consent may withdrawn. Guides and manufacturing tips towards the end strain is response of a cantilever beam is to... Displacement as _____ a ) Co-efficient of thermal expansion Then elemental volume is by. Called isoparametric formulation in literature from composite repair processes materials have a long shelf.. Based on these measurements per two square feet of the structure quantify the exact increase in stiffness by... In which the cross-section is assumed to be small compared to the temperature change 2 this... In units of metres per newton =1/2 [ QTKQ-QTF ] modification based on these measurements x-, y- co-ordinates mapped. 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