The action of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropane was more potent than that of the control acetazolamide. Available at: https://www.herbsociety.org/file_download/inline/d52eae8c-be89-497d-94b3-7fc8da4105f1 (Accessed November 1, 2020). Symptoms include lesions, itching, and more. Dracunculus vulgaris is a species of aroid in the genus Dracunculus and is known variously as the Dragon Arum, the Black Arum, the Voodoo Lily, the Snake Lily, the Stink Lily, the Black Dragon, the Black Lily, Dragonwort, and Ragons. For around two to three days during the flowering period, the Dragon Lily is said to produce a foul odour which is, often compared to an overpowering seashell smell. It may protect against diseases like colitis, an inflammatory condition of the colon that can cause diarrhea, stomach pain, and rectal bleeding (21). It grows all over the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia. In full bloom, it is glorious and is, surrounded by clouds of droning flies. The application of aqueous extract of tarragon produced a decrement of the release of IL-8 (by 4.0 and 4.8%) and TNF (by 7.8 and 5.2%). The Garden wouldn't be the Garden without our Members, Donors and Volunteers. A. dracunculus is a plant widely cultivated in the Americas, Asia and Europe. Use of the species in the food industry varies from country to country. Artemisia dracunculus extracts obtained by organic solvents and supercritical CO2 produce cytotoxic and antitumor effects in mice with L5178Y lymphoma. The documented results show a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (120mm Hg in the control group, 113mmHg in the test group), a decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (5.8% in the control group, 5.6% in the test group), a decrease in the area under the curve for insulin levels (56.13627.426pmol/L in the control group, 44.472 to 23.370pmol/L in the test group), and a reduction in the insulinogenic index (0.450.23 in the control group, 0.35 to 0.18 in the test group). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that the composition of the spice tarragon includes dried leaves and flowering tops of A. dracunculus (Food and Drug Administration, 1980). If you're not already a devotee, plant something else.Dracunculus vulgaris blooms a large purple-black spathe like a 3' gothic calla lily. 75 (8), 16281630. This wild and crazy aroid, which typically has a red/purple inflorescence, hails from the Mediterranean region, centered around Greece and Turkey. The total amount of coumarins in the herb is over 1.0%. Ser. Learn how to tell if you have. In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Satureja hortensis and Artemisia dracunculus extracts on Leishmania major promastigotes. European Commission Health & Comsumer Protection Directorate - General (2001). Warszawa, Poland: Ksika i Wiedza. As in the case of estragole, methyl eugenol and its metabolites promote unplanned DNA synthesis; moreover, methyl eugenol forms DNA adducts (European Commission Health and Comsumer Protection Directorate-General, 2001). Looking at the leaves of these plants, you can also see how it got its name. A. dracunculus is a hairless perennial, reaching a height of up to 150cm. La Dracunculus vulgaris este o planta care infloreste practic in fiecare an. Streaked. Beneficial effects of spices in food preservation and safety. Several animal and test-tube studies suggest that Prunella vulgaris may have health benefits. Zielnik Herbarzem z jzyka acinskiego zowi. (2001). Phytochemical tests have confirmed the presence of numerous flavonoid compounds, phenolic acids, coumarins and alkamides in the herb and leaves, as well as a very high variability of the chemical composition of the essential oil. Certain compounds in Prunella vulgaris may have anticancer effects. Family Compositae/ Asteraceae, the sunflower family . European arum resembling the cuckoopint Familiarity information: DRACUNCULUS VULGARIS used as a noun is very rare. Pharm. These studies have also proven hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic and thyroid-regulating effects. ukaszewicz Pozna: Drukarnia Lukasiewicza. In Greece, it is called drakondia because of its unique shape, which gives the impression a small dragon is hiding inside the spathe. oz/0.7 L) $22.00 Quantity Buy Now Hold the phone.hold your nose.cover your eyes.the dazzling Dracunculus vulgaris (aka: Viagra lily or dragon arum) is ready to flower. Inhibition of neutrophil functions and antibacterial effects of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) infusion-phytochemical characterization. doi:10.1007/s13580-017-0121-5, Navarro-Salcedo, M. H., Delgado-Saucedo, J. I., Siordia-Snchez, V. H., Gonzlez-Ortiz, L. J., Castillo-Herrera, G. A., and Puebla-Prez, A. M. (2017). Ann. Z. Naturforsch. Commun. Each spathe envelops a central, upright, nearly black, tail-like spike (spadix) which is nearly as long as the spathe, but sometimes longer, with a diameter of only 1/2 to 3/4". Prunella vulgaris is often cited as a possible treatment for the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which is marked by contagious sores around your mouth or genitals. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is . Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in a xylene-induced ear edema model. In the 17th-century Herbarium by Simon Syrennivs (1613), A. dracunculus L. bears the Polish name torchun, besides Dracunculus hortensis, Dragoncellus esculentus and also Draconkraut and Dragoncello. Available at: https://books.google.pl/books/about/Historia_plantarum_universalis.html?id=7ejDuAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y (Accessed November 1, 2020). An increase in the level of antibodies to sheep erythrocytes and a decrease in cellular immunity were documented. , Black Szczepanik, M., Walczak, M., Zawitowska, B., MichalskaSionkowska, M., Szumny, A., Wawrzeczyk, C., et al. In the United States, it is added to vinegar, tartar sauce and seafood (Goldstein, 1999; Ribnicky et al., 2004; Aglarova et al., 2008; orapc et al., 2020). hirtum (Link) and Artemisia dracunculus L. essential oils. Dracunculus Vulgaris (dragon Arum) Frost hardy perennial. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista. , Prod. 11 (4), 25. Tarragon is a important herb in French cuisine. Green Products containing tarragon are offered by both European and non-European cosmetics companies. Phytochemical studies on the extract and essential oils of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon). Test-tube studies also show that caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and other plant compounds in this herb may act as antioxidants that fight underlying cell damage. (2020). Reniform. Artemisia Species: from traditional medicines to modern antimalarials-and back again. The longest roots were obtained in the plants grown on MS medium with the addition of indolelbutyric acid (IBA) at a concentration of 0.5mg/L (44mm) and on MS medium with 0.5mg/L IBA (46mm) (Trkz et al., 2014). doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.003, Eidi, A., Oryan, S., Zaringhalam, J., and Rad, M. (2016). It is known as a spice species in Asia, Europe and the Americas. To ensure fast growth, add a significant amount of organic materials, like decayed compost, in the planting site. Available at: http://www.theplantlist.org/ (Accessed November 8, 2020). The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects known from applications in traditional medicine have also been confirmed (Abtahi Froushani et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2018; Safari et al., 2019). It was also used as an anesthetic for toothache, wounds and cuts (Mamedov et al., 2004). In this regard, the researchers suggested that there are synergistic interactions between compounds of the extract (Aydin et al., 2020). 23 (4), 1620. by Dioscorides (1st c. AD), to refer to another speciesArum dracunculus L. (Gr. 14 (6), 544553. Biologically active substances from the genus Artemisia. High activity of the extract was also demonstrated in the DPPH and ABTS tests (Zarezade et al., 2018). It releases the aroma of rotting meat and is a way of attracting flies towards it. Prunella vulgaris is an herb that contains several beneficial compounds. Item Number: 15-0101. Dry Shade Plants Jorjani Biomed. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.002. Front. Prunella vulgaris has also been shown to fight intestinal inflammation in mice. Prunella vulgaris is a medicinal herb that has been used for centuries to treat infections and other illnesses. We'll respect your privacy and unsubscribe at any time. Rock Garden Plants (2019). Dictionary entry overview: What does Dracunculus vulgaris mean? For immediate help or to order plants call 919-772-4794, 8-5 M-F (ET). The biggest problem we face, west of the Cascade Mountains, is its tubers rotting when not grown in well-drained soil. In the control group the tumor cell count was 17.969 106, whereas in the group of mice receiving the acetonitrile extract from A. dracunculus leaves the cell count was 0.1 106. The appearance of tumors is associated with the formation of 1-hydroxyestragole. [2] Sow Outside: Tuber: 3 to 6 inches (8 to 15 cm). Dragon Lily (Dracunculus vulgaris)by Brigitte Kreigenhofer 8 4 Chemical compositions and biological activities of essential oils-original article phytochemical study on the essential oils of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) growing in Tajikistan and its comparison with the essential oil of the species in the rest. The English names include tarragon, estragon, dragon sagewort, dragon wormwood, false tarragon, French tarragon, green sagewort, linear-leaved wormwood, Russian tarragon, silky wormwood, tarragon sagewort. Stop watering it when the leaves dry up and go into dormancy. It was evaluated by microplate reader which displayed an inhibition of ROS production by 1.4% (Majdan et al., 2020). The dark purple colored pseudostems are stout and long and range from 1.5 5 feet in size. ), dragon, dragon, long hao (Chin. Int. Thrillers, Garden Themes: J. Agric. Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effect of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) extract and chemical composition of its essential oil. The values of concentrations of the extracts used in the assay ranged from 0.004 to 94.000mg/ml (mg-relates to dry extract of A. dracunculus and mL relates to sterile distilled water). This is to attract potential pollinators, which are mainly flies. doi:10.1007/s00044-017-2014-7, Hassanzadeh, M. K., Tayarani Najaran, Z., Nasery, M., and Emami, S. A. The antioxidant activity of hydro-ethanolic extract of tarragon was also evaluated. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were evaluated with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, the minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) test. Some claim it can help protect against viruses, infections, and chronic diseases, including diabetes and cancer ( 1 ).. Formulation and characterization of antimicrobial edible films based on whey protein isolate and tarragon essential oil. Variegated, Container Role: In Azerbaijan, A. dracunculus was used as an anti-epileptic drug (Alakbarov, 2001). Autumn. After planting, water thoroughly with warm water. Rec. 25%), and elemicin (up to 57%) (Figure 1). Common names include the common dracunculus, dragon lily, dragon arum, black arum and vampire lily. The antioxidant potential of A. dracunculus was assessed. Dreamstime is the world`s largest stock photography community. Thus, you should look for Prunella vulgaris that has been tested for quality by a third party. Therapeutic actions . Products / Dracunculus / Araceae Additional pictures available to view. TABLE 1. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Loi ny c Schott m t khoa hc u tin nm 1832. It can take 2 to 5 years to reach the maximum height. Indian traditional medicineAyurvedarelates that the species is effective in the treatment of helminthiasis, intestinal smooth muscle spasms, fever of various origins, and a good tonic, an immunostimulant and to regulates the menstrual cycle (Miller and Miller, 1998; Obolskiy et al., 2011). Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon), Asteraceae, is a species that has long been used in traditional Asian medicine, mainly in Iran, Pakistan, Azerbaijan and India. doi:10.25135/rnp.102.18.07.329. Artemisia spp. Height: 36" tall Culture: Sun to Light Shade Origin: Mediterranean Europe Pot Size: Bare Root / 3.5" pot (24 fl. Artemisia dracunculus is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.6 m (2ft) by 0.3 m (1ft in) at a medium rate. The parts of the tarragon plant that grow above the ground are used to make medicine. The peonies and dragon lilies fade as the milkweed blooms, fragrant and . 15, 17. (1998). Podkowa Lena. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. The chemical composition of A. dracunculus and the compounds contained in the plants essential oil are presented in Table 2. Dracunculus vulgarisby Jindrich Shejbal 21 15 A species of the Araceae family, originally from the southern Mediterranean. This Araceae-related article is a stub. Haitian Creole. The essential oil was tested with agar well diffusion. Avoid planting this perennial near windows, doors, sidewalks or other frequently populated areas where the brief but overpowering odor from the spadices will be found objectionable. Iranian researchers have investigated the potential of hydro-ethanolic extract of A. dracunculus in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Chemical structure of herniarincompound characteristic for the A. dracunculus herb. In Greece it is referred to as Drakondia, where the long spadix is viewed as a little dragon hiding in the spathes. 35%), methyl eugenol (approx. Voodoo Lilies are bizarre. ), trkony rm (Hung. Phenylpropanoids (73.5%) constitute the main group of essential oil compounds. The "Stink" that eminates from the flower on the day it opens smells somewhat like rotting meat and attracts flies as the chief pollinator, an attribute that needs consideration when you decide where to plant this flower. Interestingly, Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus niger had lower responses in the MFC test (0.16) compared with the remaining fungi species (0.08) (Ribeiro et al., 2016). Evaluation and comparison of the antidepressant-like activity of Artemisia dracunculus and Stachys lavandulifolia ethanolic extracts: an in vivo study. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. Table 2 shows the pharmacological activity of A. dracunculus and its preparations (Obolskiy et al., 2011).Research shows that this herb has pharmacological activity including carminative, digestive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic . Food and Drug Administration (2020). In the hot plate test, the extract administered in doses of 50 and 100mg/kg increased the pain threshold after one hour. The Iranian research centers have investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of an ethanolic extract from the A. dracunculus herb. (Graz: Akademische Druck u. Verlagsanstalt). Food Agric. Interaction with opioid receptors may be responsible for the analgesic effect of the plant extract, as administration of naloxone to the animals reduced the antinociceptive effect of the extract. D. vulgaris must be planted with the flat side of the bulb facing up, about 3 inches deep in a prepared bed or large pot. Some claim it can help protect against viruses, infections, and chronic diseases, including diabetes and cancer (1). Design and Manufactured in our Pooraka factory here in Adelaide, South Australia. Oral administration of the extract obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide reduced the number of cells to 12.9 106, whereas intraperitoneal administration of the same extract reduced the number of cells to 0.1 106. Source of toxicity uncertain but probably involves oxalate crystals and possibly certain esters, Classical Europe & Middle East (I), Poisons garden (PETO). Essent. Available at: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84889675506&doi=10.5812%2Fjjm.7877&partnerID=40&md5=8db9e949587e1022af0488d25336b422 (Accessed November 7, 2020). Russian tarragon is also found among the cultivated plants (miscellaneous varieties, including A. dracunculus var. doi:10.1111/jfpp.14751, Dugoska, H. (2015). Two well-described cultivars (Russian and French) are used widely and differ in ploidy level, morphology, and chemistry. Leaves appear in clusters on a stalk-like, black/purple-spotted pseudostem. A study carried out by Majdan et al. Spreads by self-seeding and bulb offsets. The plant prefers a humus-rich, well-drained soil. DRACUNCULUS VULGARIS (noun) The noun DRACUNCULUS VULGARIS has 1 sense: 1. In the body, these enzymes catalyze the reaction between water and carbon dioxide, which produces a proton and a bicarbonate anion. Therefore, tarragon oil can be considered an alternative to synthetic compounds in food packaging applications (Socaciu et al., 2020). Prawie wszystko o zioach. An experiment was conducted on laboratory animals (mice) to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of an aqueous extract of A. dracunculus herb. The bell shaped flowers . Despite the fact the stalks of the plant usually have only two to four leaves on the top, the foliage of Dracunculus vulgaris is very attractive mainly due to its dark purple color leaves. The flowers may not appear for the first couple of years after planting, but if the plant is alive, a leaf will appear. Flowers are followed by green berries which mature to orange-red in fall. The views and nutritional advice expressed by TheHealthybenefits.info are not intended to be a substitute for conventional medical service. The amount in the control was 36.28CFU/g and 53.31CFU/g, respectively (Zarasvand et al., 2016). The tested propagation protocols differed from one another in the concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin (KIN) added to the medium. [This article contains information on medicinal herbalism, read our Medical Disclaimer here.] The plant list. The dragon lily has the ability to heat itself to a temperature of 18 degrees Celsius. De aceea nu este recomandat sa o ai nici in interior pentru ca este o planta destul de mirositoare, dar nu in sensul bun. and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The Dragon Lily (dracunculus vulgaris) ends May and starts June with its stench - and striking beauty. It has been recommended as an effective treatment for inflammation, fever and helminthiasis (Aglarova et al., 2008; Bora and Sharma, 2011; Obolskiy et al., 2011). J. Mod. doi:10.1007/s12639-015-0730-9. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.12.003. of 1 The studies on the potential use of aqueous extract of A. dracunculus in the treatment of multiple sclerosis were performed, too. In cold winter areas north of USDA Zone 6, tubers may be dug up in autumn, overwintered indoors and replanted in spring in somewhat the same manner as dahlias. Moreover, an examination of relevant professional research also shows that the position of A. dracunculus as a plant species with cosmetic properties is rising (Ribnicky et al., 2004; Yamada et al., 2011; Chaleshtori et al., 2013). In the experiment researchers used neutrophils derived from venous peripheral blood from healthy human donors. In the study, the highest activity (IC50 = 0.02g/ml for hCA I, and IC50 = 0.31g/ml for hCA II) was demonstrated for the dichloromethane extract. Copyright 2021 Ekiert, witkowska, Knut, Klin, Rzepiela, Tomczyk and Szopa. P. Matthiolus (15011577) describes tarragon (German version Dragoncell, Dracuncellus, Dragoncellus, Dracunculus esculentus) with the following: sharp taste, warming effect, stimulating the appetite (int. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957438. The Dracunculus is a one-of-a-kind showstopper. Twice daily, the encapsulated ethanolic extract of A. dracunculus was administered at 1000mg for 90 days. J. Nat. Prunella vulgaris is an herb that has been used to treat illnesses for centuries. Thereafter, to assess the secretion of cytokines after the incitement of neutrophils, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used. doi:10.22038/ajp.2017.19137.1738, Keywords: tarragon, traditional medicine use, chemical composition, biological activity, potential medicinal value, position in cosmetology, biotechnological studies, Citation: Ekiert H, witkowska J, Knut E, Klin P, Rzepiela A, Tomczyk M and Szopa A (2021) Artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Efficient callus induction, plant regeneration and estragole estimation in tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.). It can be used in cooking, added to ointments, or consumed as a pill or extract. Himalayan aromatic medicinal plants: a review of their ethnopharmacology, volatile phytochemistry, and biological activities. J. Essent. The experiment was carried out on an animal model (mouse). It is in flower from June to August. A., Shahidi, F., Yazdi, F. T., Mortazavi, S. A., and Mohebbi, M. (2017). D liu lin quan ti Dracunculus vulgaris ti . After cold weather ends, the 3' stalk of Dracunculus vulgaris, clothed with pedate leaves, emerges from the giant bulb and, in late May (NC), is topped with the 18" flower. doi:10.29252/jorjanibiomedj.6.1.22, Tak, I.-U.-R., Mohiuddin, D., Ganai, B. The rodents were treated intraperitoneally with the plant extract in doses of 50, 100, 200mg/kg, then they were infected with 0.2ml of a suspension at a concentration of 105 colony-forming units per millilitre (CFU/ml). Inhibitors of the enzymes have displayed efficiency in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and they are being used in treatment of clinical depression and anxiety. For this purpose, fresh tarragon, purchased from the local market, was subjected to extraction with water and ethanol. used ascorbic acid as a positive control. But, it can tolerate a wide variety of soils, such as clay, sand, chalky or loamy soil. Not really knowing much about them I planted them in the garden closest to the house to help protect and overwinter them in the garden. If you are interested in taking Prunella vulgaris for a certain condition, be sure to consult your healthcare provider. Moreover, they use extract of tarragon for toothache, fever, dysentery, intestinal worms and stomach ache (Joshi et al., 2016). Food 19 (5), 481485. Dracunculus vulgaris. 225 (23), 1075-1077. doi:10.1002/ardp.18872252312, Wang, J., Fernndez, A. E., Tiano, S., Huang, J., Floyd, E., Poulev, A., et al. An Dracunculus vulgaris in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dracunculus, ngan familia nga Araceae. It was supposed to protect against snakebite when carried on ones body or imbibed as a drink, and its juice was used in ear diseases. Environ. J. Med. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.02.005, orapc, B., Kstekli, B., Eybolu, A., and Kocatepe, D. (2020). An extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. promotes psychological resilience in a mouse model of depression. Dracunculus Vulgaris, this is probably one of the most vulgar plants that we supply but is extremely great fun to grow. The ground parts are used whole, both fresh and dried. The time required to establish the in vitro culture was three weeks (Fernndez-Lizarazo and Mosquera-Vsquez, 2012). Voodoo Lily is a common name for a various plants, but I think this Voodoo Lily is properly known as Dracunculus vulgaris. In European conditions, plantations are established in april. Nat. Dracunculus vulgaris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. The authors of the study concluded that an aqueous extract of the A. dracunculus herb could be a good immunomodulating agent; moreover, it was free from potentially harmful estragole and methyl eugenol (Abtahi Froushani et al., 2016). Besides, how do you grow Dracunculus vulgaris? Therefore, the safety of this herb in these populations is unknown. Available March 2023. Other common names brook leek dragon 26 (12), 32093215. Complement. Save to List. The European CosIng database allows the use of A. dracunculus in six forms (European Commission CosIng, 2020). The large palmate leaves have occasional cream flecks along the veins. Dissected foliage. The dragon lily plant needs light water until the top growth starts to emerge. Dracunculus vulgaris 94 more photos VIEW GALLERY 64 members have or want this plant for trade. For this purpose, the essential oil of tarragon, extracts from the flowers, leaves, stems and seeds, as well as from the whole herb and roots are used. All these compounds inhibited the activity of hCA I and hCA II. Com ela, aps tratamento trmico do tubrculo, pode ser feita uma farinha, que usada na confeco de sobremesas e suplementos alimentares. In traditional Asian medicine, this species is used, for example, in the treatment of digestive system diseases, as an analgesic, hypnotic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent, and as an effective remedy in the treatment of helminthiasis. The actual flowers are hidden inside the bulbous chamber within the spathe. Dracunculus Vulgaris is commonly known as Stink Lily, Voodoo Lily and Snake Lily. There were no significant effects on the number of leukocytes, red blood cells or monocytes (Modaresi et al., 2018). However, the fresh herb is more desirable, as dried herbs quickly lose their qualities. In the evaluation of herbal medicinal products containing estragole Member States should take steps to ensure that the public are protected from exposure. HMPC recommended the acceptable intake of estragole per day for adults - 51.8mg/kg of body weight, and for children - 1.0g/kg of body weight. The most effective of the extracts proved to be the methanol extract. List. In 2020 a study by Socaciu and co-authors confirmed the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of tarragon oil. Large fan-shaped leaves on speckled stems are extraordinary even if the plant never bloomed. TheHealthybenefits.info does not adopt any medical claims which may have been made in 3rd party references. The dragon lily relies on flies and other insects for pollination, and therefore emits putrid dung and carrion-like smell, to attract them. Native people of Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir use a paste from the leaves of A. dracunculus in the treatment of wounds on the legs of yaks and donkeys. . Sow Inside: Germination time: one to six months. This interest is undoubtedly due to the fact that the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 was awarded for the discovery in Artemisia annua (annual mugwort) of artemisinina sesquiterpenoid lactone, and proving its effectiveness in the treatment of malaria (Dugoska, 2015; Efferth et al., 2015). It is a member of the Araceae family and is known for its large, showy flowers and distinctive aroma. , Methyl eugenol has also been found to induce liver tumors in animal studies (rats and mice) and, additionally, the formation of neuroendocrine tumors in the glandular stomach. Anti-bacterial: destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria . Anti-inflammatory activity has also been confirmed a significant reduction in ear edema was demonstrated with the extract administered in doses of 50 and 100mg/kg (Eidi et al., 2016). After drying, the leafy parts of the tarragon plant are separated from the hard stems (Aglarova et al., 2008; Eisenman et al., 2011; Obolskiy et al., 2011; Watson and Kennel, 2014). Green. In Greece, part of its native range, the plant is called drakondia, the long spadix being viewed as a small dragon hiding in the spathe. Hortic. ), and vaistinis kietis (Georg.) Ecologic Culture; J. Asian Nat. Select picture above and then choose next. Dragon flower as it is commonly has quite a pungent smell for the first couple of days when the flower opens.